The first and most significant step of performing Umrah is entering into the sacred state of Ihram, which marks the beginning of the spiritual journey. Ihram involves not only wearing specific clothing but also embodying a mindset of purity, humility, and devotion to Allah. Below is a detailed explanation of the first step of Umrah, covering the Niyyah (intention), the process of entering the state of Ihram, and the prohibitions associated with it.
Niyyah (Intention)
Before embarking on any act of worship in Islam, it is essential to make a Niyyah (intention) from the heart. The Niyyah is a conscious declaration of your purpose to perform Umrah solely for the sake of Allah.
The Niyyah should be made when you are ready to enter the state of Ihram, typically before crossing the Miqat (the designated boundary around Mecca). It is not necessary to verbalize it, but many pilgrims choose to recite the following to solidify their intention:
"Labbayk Allahumma Umrah"(Here I am, O Allah, to perform Umrah).
This simple phrase signifies that you are dedicating your journey and actions to Allah, with the goal of fulfilling the rites of Umrah.
Entering into the State of Ihram
Once the Niyyah is made, you officially enter the state of Ihram. This is a spiritual condition that signifies a heightened state of purity and mindfulness. Here’s what the process involves:
Ghusl (Full Body Wash):
Before wearing the Ihram garments, it is highly recommended (though not obligatory) to perform Ghusl or a full body wash. This is a symbolic purification process to cleanse yourself before beginning the pilgrimage.
If Ghusl is not possible, making Wudu (ablution) is sufficient.
Wearing the Ihram Garments:
For Men:
Ihram consists of two pieces of white, unstitched cloth. One is wrapped around the waist, covering the lower body, and the other is draped over the shoulders, covering the upper body.
The simplicity of the garments symbolizes equality and humility before Allah. It removes all distinctions of wealth, status, and nationality, reminding pilgrims that everyone is equal in the sight of Allah.
For Women:
Women wear modest clothing, typically a long dress or abaya, that covers their entire body except for the face and hands. There are no specific colors required, but the clothing should be simple and free from adornments.
Unlike men, women do not need to wear unstitched garments, but they must avoid wearing form-fitting or extravagant attire.
Talbiyah:
After entering the state of Ihram, it is Sunnah (highly recommended) to begin reciting the Talbiyah, a prayer of submission and praise to Allah:
"Labbayk Allahumma labbayk. Labbayka la shareeka laka labbayk. Innal hamda wan ni'mata laka wal mulk, la shareeka lak."(Here I am, O Allah, here I am. Here I am, You have no partner, here I am. Verily, all praise, grace, and sovereignty belong to You. You have no partner.)
The Talbiyah is recited repeatedly throughout the journey to Mecca and while performing the rites of Umrah, reminding the pilgrim of their dedication to Allah and the unity of the Muslim Ummah.
Prohibitions During Ihram
Once you have entered into the state of Ihram, there are certain actions that become prohibited. These prohibitions are designed to maintain a state of purity and focus on worship. Violating these restrictions requires expiation (fidya), usually in the form of a sacrifice or fasting. The prohibitions during Ihram include:
Using Perfume or Fragrance:
Perfume or any scented products are strictly forbidden. This includes scented soaps, lotions, and deodorants. The focus is on simplicity and removing worldly luxuries.
Clipping Nails or Cutting Hair:
You are not allowed to trim your nails or cut your hair while in Ihram. This includes any form of grooming such as shaving or plucking. This restriction serves as a reminder of the pilgrim’s state of purity and detachment from physical appearances.
Engaging in Marital Relations:
Sexual relations with one’s spouse or engaging in flirtatious or suggestive behavior is prohibited. Ihram demands complete dedication to worship and devotion to Allah during this sacred period.
Hunting or Killing Animals:
It is forbidden to hunt or kill animals during Ihram, with the exception of harmful creatures like snakes or scorpions. The prohibition reflects respect for all of Allah’s creations during the pilgrimage.
Covering the Head (For Men):
Men in Ihram are not allowed to cover their heads with anything, including hats or turbans. They should also avoid wrapping the upper part of their Ihram garment around their head. Women, however, must keep their heads covered as part of modest attire.
Wearing Stitched or Fitted Clothing (For Men):
Men are prohibited from wearing stitched or tailored garments, such as shirts, pants, or underwear. Women are allowed to wear stitched clothing, as long as it adheres to modest Islamic dress.
Causing Harm or Engaging in Conflict:
Engaging in any form of argument, fighting, or harming others is strictly forbidden. The pilgrimage is a time of peace, patience, and brotherhood.
Wearing Shoes that Cover the Ankles (For Men):
Men should not wear shoes or sandals that cover their ankles while in Ihram. Simple footwear, like open-toed sandals, is recommended.
Plucking Plants:
Pilgrims are not allowed to pluck plants or damage trees in the Haram (sacred boundary). This respect for nature is part of maintaining the sanctity of the sacred land.
Conclusion
Entering into the state of Ihram marks the beginning of your sacred journey of Umrah. Through the Niyyah, the wearing of simple, unadorned clothing, and adherence to specific prohibitions, you are reminded of the deeper meaning behind the pilgrimage—humility, devotion, and the pursuit of purity in the eyes of Allah. By following the guidelines of Ihram and maintaining focus on worship, your Umrah becomes not only a physical journey but a transformative spiritual experience.